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Murba Party
Murba Party ((インドネシア語:Partai Murba), Murba stands for ''Musjawarah Ra'jat Banjak'') was a 'national communist' political party in Indonesia.〔Feith, Herbert. ''(The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia )''. Ithaca, N.Y.: Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958. p. 52〕〔Crouch, Harold A. ''(The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Politics and international relations of Southeast Asia )''. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1978. pp. 64–66〕 The party was founded by Tan Malaka, Chairul Saleh, Sukarni and Adam Malik in 1948.〔("Warisan Tan Malaka" ), Tempo Interaktif, 11 August 2008〕 The history of the party was largely intertwined with that of the powerful Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Initially relations between PKI and the Murba Party were fluid, but gradually the two parties developed into each other's arch-enemies.〔Mortimer, Rex. ''(Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959–1965 )''. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. p. 376〕 The Murba Party continued to exist under the New Order, but was merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973.
==Founding==
The 1948 Madiun Affair had resulted in a severe backlash for the PKI. Across Java (except in Bantam), a political vacuum emerged on the political left. The followers of Tan Malaka sought to capitalize on this, and on October 3, 1948 the three main constituents of the Tan Malaka-led Revolutionary People's Movement (GRR); the People's Party, Poor People's Party and the Independent Labour Party of Indonesia, declared that they would merge to form the unitary Murba Party. The merger was to be completed on November 7, 1948, the anniversary of the Russian Revolution. The constitution of the party was declared on November 12, 1948. At the time of its foundation the new party had around 80,000 members. The GRR continued to exist separately though, with the Murba Party as one of its affiliates.〔Kahin, George McTurnan. ''(Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia )''. Studies on Southeast Asia, 35. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 2003. pp. 313–314〕
Whilst Tan Malaka was highly influential in the party, he wasn't formally the leader of the party. At the time of the merger a leadership was formed consisting of Sukarni (president), Sjamsu Harja Udaja (general secretary), Maruto Nitimihardjo (vice president), Sutan Dewanis (second vice president) and Pandu Karta Wiguna (secretary).〔 The Murba Party published two official newspapers, ''Murba'' and ''Massa''.〔Kahin, George McTurnan. ''(Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia )''. Studies on Southeast Asia, 35. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 2003. p. 318〕 Furthermore, there were guerrilla units linked to the party, which played an important role in the struggle against Dutch rule in West and Central Java.〔Feith, Herbert. ''(The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia )''. Ithaca, N.Y.: Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958. p. 20〕
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